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HEALTHY HEART FOODS
What
are the key foods that will best ensure the health of your heart and
blood circulation?
A recent
major study reported in the British Medical Journal (see the reference in the
'total combined effect' section) found that by eating the following six
'super-foods' on a daily basis you can reduce your risk of
cardiovascular disease by a staggering 75%! Considering that
cardiovascular diseases are the no.1 cause of death and disability
in most Western societies, it is certainly worth paying attention to
this research
– this is likely to have the greatest
positive impact on your health and well-being in the long run (next to taking regular
physical exercise and stopping smoking, of course).
All the foods on the list are commonly
found in food shops and restaurants,
relatively inexpensive, and easy to include in your daily diet. And as you can see, the fruit and vegetables of the
5-a-day and spectrum
sections are already part of this list.
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Incidentally, you'll notice that the foods listed here also make up a
large part of what is generally referred to as the 'Mediterranean
diet', thought to be among the healthiest food regimes anywhere in
the world and consequently endorsed by the likes of
the American Heart Association. For example a typical meal
consisting of grilled fish served with
ratatouille and a side salad (drizzled perhaps with a light dressing
of lemon juice, olive oil and crushed garlic) and accompanied by a glass
of chilled white or rosé wine, followed by some fresh fruits and
almonds/nuts, ticks just about every box on this list in one go, and
gives you a whole spectrum of colours too!
| FOOD |
PORTION AND FREQUENCY |
REDUCTION IN RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
|
REFERENCE SOURCE |
| Wine |
150 ml
(= medium glass) daily |
32%
(23-41% range within 95% confidence interval) |
Di
Castelnuovo A, Rotondo S, Iacoviello L, Donati MB, De Gaetano G.
Meta-analysis of wine and beer consumption in relation to
vascular risk. Circulation 2002;105: 2836-44 |
|
Garlic (preferably uncooked) |
2.5 to
3 grams (= ca. ½ clove) daily |
25%
(21-27% within 95% C.I.) The
reduction in cardiovascular disease risk results from the
estimated reduction of total cholesterol concentrations by 0.44 mmol/l
(17.1 mg/dl). |
Ackermann RT, Mulrow CD, Ramirez G, Gardner CD, Morbidoni L,
Lawrence VA. Garlic shows promise for improving some
cardiovascular risk factors. Arch Intern Med 2001;161: 813-24 |
|
Fruit and vegetables |
400
grams (= 14-16 oz) daily |
21%
(14–27% within 95% C.I.) The
reduction in cardiovascular disease risk results from the
estimated
reduction of systolic blood pressure by 4.0 mmHg and diastolic
blood pressure by 1.5 mmHg. |
John JH,
Ziebland S, Yudkin P, Roe LS, Neil HA. Effects of fruit and
vegetable consumption on plasma antioxidant concentrations and
blood pressure: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2002;359:
1969-74 |
| Fish |
110 to
120 grams (4-5 oz) three to four times a week |
14%
(8-19% within 95% C.I.) |
Whelton
SP, He J, Whelton PK, Muntner P. Meta-analysis of observational
studies on fish intake and coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol
2004;93: 1119-23 |
|
Almonds |
70
grams (= ca. ½ cup or large handful; 2.5 oz) daily (see
cautionary notes below) |
12.5% (10.5–13.5% within 95% C.I.)
The reduction in cardiovascular
disease risk results from the estimated reduction of total cholesterol
concentrations by 0.26 mmol/l (10 mg/dl). |
Jenkins
DJ, Kendall CW, Marchie A, Parker TL, Connelly PW, Qian W, et
al. Dose response of almonds on coronary heart disease risk
factors: blood lipids, oxidized low-density lipoproteins,
lipoprotein(a), homo-cysteine, and pulmonary nitric oxide: a
randomized, controlled, crossover trial. Circulation 2002;106:
1327-32
Sabate J, Haddad E, Tanzman JS, Jambazian P, Rajaram S. Serum
lipid response to the graduated enrichment of a step I diet with
almonds: a randomized feeding trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;77:
1379-84 |
| Dark
chocolate |
100
grams (4 oz) daily (see cautionary notes below) |
21%
(14–27% within 95% C.I.) The
reduction in cardiovascular disease risk results from the
estimated reduction of systolic blood pressure by 5.1 mmHg and diastolic
blood pressure by 1.8 mmHg. |
Taubert
D, Berkels R, Roesen R, Klaus W. Chocolate and blood pressure in
elderly individuals with isolated systolic hypertension. JAMA
2003;290: 1029-30 |
|
Total combined effect |
Each of the above foods as described |
76% (63–84% within 95%
C.I.) The combined effect is
calculated by multiplication of individual reduction rates. |
Franco OH, Bonneux L, de Laet C,
Peeters A, Steyerberg EW, Mackenbach JP. The Polymeal: a more
natural, safer, and probably tastier (than the Polypill)
strategy to reduce cardiovascular disease by more than 75% BMJ
2004;329: 1447-1450 |
Notes:
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The
portions shown above are the amounts calculated to achieve the
stated effect based on the studies referenced. It is not known
whether these are the optimal amounts; consuming more fruits/vegetables and fish could have a greater
beneficial effect. The exception is wine, where
exceeding the above daily recommendation may result over time in
some of the negative effects associated with excess
alcohol consumption, which in turn may effectively cancel out the
positive effects stated here.
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Fish
is included in generic terms only. You should try to eat a
mixture of both white and oily fish.
-
Wine
is not specified as either red or white. Various studies have
shown that both can have a positive effect, although their effects
may be slightly different.
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Some words of caution regarding chocolate
and almonds:
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Almonds contain
over 50% fat (granted, it’s the ‘good sort’, but fat
nevertheless). This means that the recommended 70 grams contains
35-40 grams of fat. Together with the protein (25%) and carbohydrate
(10%), the daily 70 grams of almonds provides over 400 kcal of
energy. In fact, 70 grams of almonds is quite a large amount,
around 3/4 of a typical retail pack found in supermarkets, and
you might want to consider consuming a smaller amount.
Incidentally, please avoid salted roasted almonds, as the salt
content (and in some cases added fat) won’t do you any good.
If you can find unblanched almonds with the brown ‘skin’ on, so much the
better.
-
Chocolate – even high quality dark chocolate with 70% or more cocoa
solids – contains 40-50% by weight of both sugar and fat.
Therefore the recommended daily 100 grams is bound to give you over
500 kcal of energy. Again, the 100 grams of chocolate shown
above is
in practice quite a large portion, and you might want to consider reducing it:
half the amount will probably provide you with at least some of the
health benefits while significantly reducing your calorie intake.
And if you are going to take in the
calories, you might as well go for the best quality dark chocolate
you can find, and certainly try to avoid the cheap and nasty stuff that has
more sugar than anything else.
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